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# Path-to-RegExp
> Turn a path string such as `/user/:name` into a regular expression.
[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
[![Dependency Status][david-image]][david-url]
[![License][license-image]][license-url]
[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
## Installation
```
npm install path-to-regexp --save
```
## Usage
```javascript
var pathToRegexp = require('path-to-regexp')
// pathToRegexp(path, keys?, options?)
// pathToRegexp.parse(path)
// pathToRegexp.compile(path)
```
- **path** A string, array of strings, or a regular expression.
- **keys** An array to be populated with the keys found in the path.
- **options**
- **sensitive** When `true` the route will be case sensitive. (default: `false`)
- **strict** When `false` the trailing slash is optional. (default: `false`)
- **end** When `false` the path will match at the beginning. (default: `true`)
- Advanced options (use for non-pathname strings, e.g. host names):
- **delimiter** The default delimiter for segments. (default: `'/'`)
- **endsWith** Optional character, or list of characters, to treat as "end" characters.
- **delimiters** List of characters to consider delimiters when parsing. (default: `'./'`)
```javascript
var keys = []
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]
```
**Please note:** The `RegExp` returned by `path-to-regexp` is intended for ordered data (e.g. pathnames, hostnames). It does not handle arbitrary data (e.g. query strings, URL fragments, JSON, etc).
### Parameters
The path argument is used to define parameters and populate the list of keys.
#### Named Parameters
Named parameters are defined by prefixing a colon to the parameter name (`:foo`). By default, the parameter will match until the following path segment.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar')
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'bar', prefix: '/', ... }]
re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']
```
**Please note:** Parameter names must be made up of "word characters" (`[A-Za-z0-9_]`).
#### Parameter Modifiers
##### Optional
Parameters can be suffixed with a question mark (`?`) to make the parameter optional.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar?')
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 'bar', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: false }]
re.exec('/test')
//=> ['/test', 'test', undefined]
re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test', 'test', 'route']
```
**Tip:** If the parameter is the _only_ value in the segment, the prefix is also optional.
##### Zero or more
Parameters can be suffixed with an asterisk (`*`) to denote a zero or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo*')
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: true }]
re.exec('/')
//=> ['/', undefined]
re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
```
##### One or more
Parameters can be suffixed with a plus sign (`+`) to denote a one or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo+')
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: true }]
re.exec('/')
//=> null
re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
```
#### Custom Matching Parameters
All parameters can be provided a custom regexp, which overrides the default match (`[^\/]+`). For example, you can match digits in the path:
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/icon-:foo(\\d+).png')
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }]
re.exec('/icon-123.png')
//=> ['/icon-123.png', '123']
re.exec('/icon-abc.png')
//=> null
```
**Please note:** Backslashes need to be escaped with another backslash in strings.
#### Unnamed Parameters
It is possible to write an unnamed parameter that only consists of a matching group. It works the same as a named parameter, except it will be numerically indexed.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/(.*)')
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 0, ... }]
re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']
```
### Parse
The parse function is exposed via `pathToRegexp.parse`. This will return an array of strings and keys.
```js
var tokens = pathToRegexp.parse('/route/:foo/(.*)')
console.log(tokens[0])
//=> "/route"
console.log(tokens[1])
//=> { name: 'foo', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }
console.log(tokens[2])
//=> { name: 0, prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '.*' }
```
**Note:** This method only works with strings.
### Compile ("Reverse" Path-To-RegExp)
Path-To-RegExp exposes a compile function for transforming a string into a valid path.
```js
var toPath = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id')
toPath({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPath({ id: 'café' }) //=> "/user/caf%C3%A9"
toPath({ id: '/' }) //=> "/user/%2F"
toPath({ id: ':/' }) //=> "/user/%3A%2F"
toPath({ id: ':/' }, { encode: (value, token) => value }) //=> "/user/:/"
var toPathRepeated = pathToRegexp.compile('/:segment+')
toPathRepeated({ segment: 'foo' }) //=> "/foo"
toPathRepeated({ segment: ['a', 'b', 'c'] }) //=> "/a/b/c"
var toPathRegexp = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id(\\d+)')
toPathRegexp({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: '123' }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: 'abc' }) //=> Throws `TypeError`.
```
**Note:** The generated function will throw on invalid input. It will do all necessary checks to ensure the generated path is valid. This method only works with strings.
### Working with Tokens
Path-To-RegExp exposes the two functions used internally that accept an array of tokens.
* `pathToRegexp.tokensToRegExp(tokens, keys?, options?)` Transform an array of tokens into a matching regular expression.
* `pathToRegexp.tokensToFunction(tokens)` Transform an array of tokens into a path generator function.
#### Token Information
* `name` The name of the token (`string` for named or `number` for index)
* `prefix` The prefix character for the segment (`/` or `.`)
* `delimiter` The delimiter for the segment (same as prefix or `/`)
* `optional` Indicates the token is optional (`boolean`)
* `repeat` Indicates the token is repeated (`boolean`)
* `partial` Indicates this token is a partial path segment (`boolean`)
* `pattern` The RegExp used to match this token (`string`)
## Compatibility with Express <= 4.x
Path-To-RegExp breaks compatibility with Express <= `4.x`:
* RegExp special characters can only be used in a parameter
* Express.js 4.x used all `RegExp` special characters regardless of position - this considered a bug
* Parameters have suffixes that augment meaning - `*`, `+` and `?`. E.g. `/:user*`
* No wildcard asterisk (`*`) - use parameters instead (`(.*)`)
## TypeScript
Includes a [`.d.ts`](index.d.ts) file for TypeScript users.
## Live Demo
You can see a live demo of this library in use at [express-route-tester](http://forbeslindesay.github.com/express-route-tester/).
## License
MIT
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/path-to-regexp
[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/pillarjs/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/path-to-regexp
[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/pillarjs/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/path-to-regexp?branch=master
[david-image]: http://img.shields.io/david/pillarjs/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
[david-url]: https://david-dm.org/pillarjs/path-to-regexp
[license-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/l/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
[license-url]: LICENSE.md
[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/path-to-regexp